Artist, born in Hermannsberg Lutheran mission, near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia, a member of the Aranda Aboriginal people. He achieved wide fame almost overnight for his European-influenced watercolour landscapes. In 1957 he was in the unique position of being made an Australian citizen, 10 years before other Aboriginal people. Divided by two cultures, his last years became a nightmare. A retrospective exhibition of his work was held in Alice Springs in 1984.