Composer, born in Venice, Italy. He studied at the Venice Conservatoire under Malipiero and Maderna, with whom he and Luciano Berio helped to establish Italy in the forefront of contemporary music. He worked for a time at the electronic studio in Darmstadt, and became a leading composer of electronic, aleatory, and serial music. A strongly politically committed artist, Il canto sospeso (1956, The Suspended Song), based on the letters of victims of wartime oppression, brought him to international notice. His other works include Intolleranza (1961, Intolerance) and Canto per il Vietnam (1973, A Song for Vietnam).