Composer and writer on music, born in Brunn, Austria. He studied at Vienna University, subsequently teaching there (1919--29) and in Mainz (1929--38). The Anschluss drove him out, and he settled in Edinburgh, where he became a university lecturer (1945--56), remaining in Scotland for the rest of his life. His music, in a late Romantic style, included five operas, four symphonies, and many other works.