Composer, born in Debica, Poland. He studied at Kraków Conservatory, and became a leading composer of the Polish avant garde, exercising considerable influence as a teacher. He first attracted international attention with his Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima (1960). Later works include the opera The Devils of Loudon (1969), two further operas, a St Luke Passion, and several other orchestral and vocal compositions.