Composer, born in Hamburg, Germany. He had a promising career in Germany, and became artistic adviser at the Berlin City Opera. In 1932 his first opera was premiered at Mannheim: Der gewaltige Hahnrei (The Magnificent Cuckold). He fled Nazi Germany to London in 1935 and composed his second string quartet in 1936, expressing the sorrow of his race. An expert on the music of Gustav Mahler, in 1960 he helped to complete Mahler's unfinished 10th symphony, and conducted its first performance in London in 1988.