Composer, born in Glasgow, W Scotland, UK. Originally trained as an engineer, in 1947 he entered the Royal College of Music where he won the prix d'honneur in 1951 as well as the Royal Philharmonic Society's Prize, and an award from the Koussevitsky Foundation. He emigrated to the USA in 1962, becoming professor of music at Duke University, NC (1962--78), and has produced many orchestral and chamber works, as well as operas including The Royal Hunt of the Sun and The Cataline Conspiracy.