Composer, educator; born in New York City. He studied composition under Roy Harris at Juilliard and in 1943 won the first Pulitzer Prize in music (for "Secular Cantata, No. 2"). While remaining prolific as a composer, he headed the Juilliard School of Music from 1945--62 and then New York's Lincoln Center until 1969. His works, for a variety of media and marked by an eclectic technique often with a strong American flavor, include ten symphonies, a number of choral works, and the short opera The Mighty Casey (1953); this last-named was turned into a cantata in 1976, retitled Casey at the Bat, and was considerably expanded for a production in 1991.